Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)
Detailed evaluation of the knee-associated health condition
The Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) is a validated measure for patients hip associated health assessment. It has frequently been used in patient cohorts with osteoarthritis undergoing total hip replacement but – as the authors recommend – the tool can also be applied to non-osteoarthritic patients. With 40 questions to answer, the questionnaire allows a detailed overview of different health and function dimensions such as pain, function in daily living and hip related quality of life.
Indication
Items - Dimensions - Completion time
The 40 items must be answered by selecting 1 of 5 response options.
The HOOS includes the domains pain, other symptoms, function in daily living (ADL), function in sport and recreation (Sport/Rec) and hip related quality of life (QOL).
According to the homepage a completion time of 10 minutes can be assumed.4
Scoring method
The results of the HOOS are represented by five domain scores. Each of the items is scored from 0 (no health problems) to 4 (severe health problems). Therefor the scoring of every single domain (pain, other symptoms, function in daily living, function in sport and recreation, hip related QoL) gets done separately by summing the score of the items and dividing it by the number of questions. Afterwards the mean score is transformed to a 0-100 score. 50% of the items of one domain need to be answered to calculate a valid score.
scoring example:
domain function, sports and recreational activities: 4 questions
question 1: answer 2 (1 points)
question 2: answer 4 (3 points)
question 3: answer 4 (3 points)
question 4: answer 3 (2 points)
mean score = (1+3+3+2)/4 = 2,25
transformation to 0-100 score: 100-(2,25*100)/4 = 43,75 = domain score
Score interpretation
The higher the score, the better patients health!
A score of 0 is connected with extreme hip-related problems, a score of 100 represents no hip-related health restrictions.
The questionnaire is available at koos.nu homepage.10
The HOOS is license-free and can be used without any costs.
The HOOS is meant to be used in short- and long-time intervals for patients health surveillance. Moreover the questionnaire convinces with a high test-retest reproducibility and good psychometric values. Additionally the HOOS includes the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) which is valid for osteoarthritis in elderly patients.11
40 questions might especially take elderly patients a longer time to answer.
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References
Arbab, Dariusch, et al. “Assessment of reliability, validity, responsiveness and minimally important change of the German hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS) in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip.” Rheumatology international 37.12 (2017): 2005-2011.
Du Long, Jasmijn, et al. “Facing the decision about the treatment of hip or knee osteoarthritis: What are patients’ needs?.” Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 24.5 (2016): 1710-1716.
Finch, Daniel J., et al. “Patient-reported outcomes following total hip arthroplasty: a multicenter comparison based on surgical approaches.” The Journal of arthroplasty 35.4 (2020): 1029-1035.
http://www.koos.nu/
De Groot, I. B., et al. “Validation of the Dutch version of the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score.” Osteoarthritis and cartilage 15.1 (2007): 104-109.
Ornetti, P., et al. “Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the French version of the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) in hip osteoarthritis patients.” Osteoarthritis and cartilage 18.4 (2010): 522-529.
Goodman, Susan M., et al. “Validation of the hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score pain and function subscales for use in total hip replacement and total knee replacement clinical trials.” The Journal of arthroplasty 35.5 (2020): 1200-1207.
Nilsdotter, Anna K., et al. “Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS)–validity and responsiveness in total hip replacement.” BMC musculoskeletal disorders 4.1 (2003): 1-8.
Blasimann, Angela, Sharon Wood Dauphinee, and J. Bart Staal. “Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric properties of the German version of the hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score.” journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy 44.12 (2014): 989-997.
http://www.koos.nu/
Klässbo, Maria, Eva Larsson, and Eva Mannevik. “Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score An extension of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.” Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 32.1 (2003): 46-51.
https://loinc.org/72092-0/