{"id":1402,"date":"2025-11-20T13:42:51","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T13:42:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wptest.raylytic.com\/?p=1402"},"modified":"2026-03-18T11:39:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T11:39:44","slug":"eq-5d-3l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raylytic.com\/en\/eq-5d-3l\/","title":{"rendered":"EQ-5D-3L"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1402\" class=\"elementor elementor-1402\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59ba094 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"59ba094\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b6d3bd4\" data-id=\"4b6d3bd4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d459602 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1d459602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">EQ-5D-3L<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0b485d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a0b485d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Generic measure of health-related quality of life<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-51e47e62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51e47e62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b474fcc\" data-id=\"b474fcc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e467f1f elementor-view-framed elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget 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elementor-element-3bbe6603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3bbe6603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The EQ-5D-3L is a validated generic measure instrument for patients health status which was developed in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. It consists of two components: the EQ-5D descriptive system represents a tool of 5 questions assessing mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain\/discomfort and anxiety\/depression meanwhile a visual analogue scale measures the general health state. It has already been used in many studies assessing general quality of life of several patient groups. The field of application of the EQ-5D includes various medical disciplines, including studies from orthopedics, oncology, geriatrics and cardiology. Compared to it&#8217;s extension &#8211; the EQ-5D-5L &#8211; the 3 level version showed weaknesses in form of ceiling effects and less informativity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-78226fa2 elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"78226fa2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4dc42546\" data-id=\"4dc42546\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a7c7310 justify-content-end elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a7c7310\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-533093d7\" data-id=\"533093d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6afd1f9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6afd1f9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Indication<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58ad377f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58ad377f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The EQ-5D-3L represents a generic measure instrument for patients health status and is not a disease-specific tool.<sup><a href=\"#References\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"#References\">2<\/a><\/sup> The instrument can be used for diseases in various medical disciplines.<a href=\"#References\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a> There are studies in orthopedics that are exemplarily including patient groups with fragility fractures and spondyloarthritis, oncologic studies with cancer patients, cardiologic patient groups with heart failure and validation studies with elderly patients in general.<sub><sup><a href=\"#References\">4<\/a>, <a href=\"#References\">5<\/a>, <a href=\"#References\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/sub><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f4ffc2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3f4ffc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5886bdf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5886bdf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Items - Dimensions - Completion time<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-539ae913 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"539ae913\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The tool can be divided in two parts: on the one hand the EQ-5D descriptive system consisting of 5 questions with 3 response options each. Only one answer can be selected per question. The second part is the EQ-VAS, a visual analogue scale with an numeric equivalent from 0-100.<\/p><p>The EQ-5D descriptive system consists of five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain\/discomfort and anxiety\/depression. Additionally the visual analogue scale assesses patients general health state with 100 as the best and 0 as the worst imaginable health state. The patient should answer the questions depending how he or she is feeling today.<\/p><p>There is no information in literature about how long it takes to answer the EQ-5D-3L, but a short completion time can be expected due to the low number of items. We estimate a completion time of approximately 2-3min.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eab0c1b animated-slow elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"5eab0c1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6331cbe5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6331cbe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a01d4eb elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a01d4eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7019f076\" data-id=\"7019f076\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-48cbc011 justify-content-end elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"48cbc011\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2adea3ca\" data-id=\"2adea3ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5719e9ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5719e9ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scoring method<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73f3221d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73f3221d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Each of the five dimensions can be answered by picking one of three health levels: level 1 is connected with no problems, level two is linked with some problems and level 3 depicts extreme problems in the certain dimension. After answering all five items a unique <strong>health state <\/strong>is defined by combining the levels of each dimension in number, for example 11223. There is a total number of 243 possible health states (3<sup>5<\/sup>). Missing values are coded as &#8220;9&#8221;. The score of the EQ-VAS is stated separately as a number (for example 73). A missing value in the VAS is coded as &#8220;999&#8221;.<\/p><p>Out of the unique health state a single summary index can be generated by using a general population based value-set, where a score of 1 indicates the best possible health state whereas lower scores are linked with health deficits and scores &lt;0 can be interpreted as &#8220;worse than sudden death&#8221;. The scoring concept bases on the time-trade-off method (patients have to decide how many years of symptom-free-life they would equal to 10 years of lifetime in the particular health state).<a href=\"#References\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ceba173 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6ceba173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1077b6f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1077b6f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Score interpretation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3187be70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3187be70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p title=\"\">Patients health status can be represented with <strong>EQ-5D-single-summary-index<\/strong> and <strong>VAS-score<\/strong>. A single summary index of 1 is coding the best possible health score. Lower scores are connected with health status deficits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25378a84 animated-slow elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"25378a84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1306fe6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1306fe6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d16c67e elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-content-space-evenly elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d16c67e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17afb6bc\" data-id=\"17afb6bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-154b5be6 justify-content-end elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"154b5be6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e71f68\" data-id=\"22e71f68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17dd7170 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"17dd7170\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4001\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4001\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\"><b>Validation<\/b><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4001\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4001\"><p>The EQ-5D-3L is validated for different patient groups and in various language. A German version is available and validated.<sub><sup><a href=\"#References\">7<\/a>, <a href=\"#References\">8<\/a>, <a href=\"#References\">9<\/a>, <a href=\"#References\">10<\/a>, <a href=\"#References\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/sub><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4002\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4002\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\"><b>Distributor<\/b><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4002\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4002\"><p>In 1990 the instrument has been developed by the EuroQol-Group (Rotterdam, Netherlands). The questionnaire can be accessed via the EuroQol-Group homepage.<a href=\"#References\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4003\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4003\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\"><b>Costs\/license<\/b><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4003\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4003\"><p>No license fees are charged for non-commercial use (such as randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case\u2013control studies and cross-sectional studies or clinical use). For commercial use, fees will apply (e.g. pharmaceutical company, medical device manufacturers).<a href=\"#References\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4004\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4004\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\"><b>Advantages<\/b><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4004\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4004\"><p>The EQ-5D-3L is widely used internationally and has a good reputation and acceptance. Moreover the tool is easy to implement in clinical routine due to its small extent.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4005\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4005\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\"><b>Disadvantages<\/b><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4005\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4005\"><p>Ceiling effects (errors because of exceeding the measuring range) have been observed.<a href=\"#References\"><sup>14 <\/sup><\/a>These ceiling effects are higher in the 3L-edition than in the 5L-version of the EQ-5D.<a href=\"#References\"><sup>15<\/sup><\/a> It could also been shown that the EQ-5D-5L has a higher informativity.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4006\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4006\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\"><b>LOINC<\/b><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4006\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4006\"><p>not listed<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65ee5c77 animated-slow elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"65ee5c77\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee6f3d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ee6f3d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3bf126b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3bf126b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b5af864\" data-id=\"4b5af864\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2403b141 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2403b141\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">We would be happy to advise you on the efficient capture of ePROs with our AI-supported platform UNITY OUTCOME.\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b4b9583 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7b4b9583\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">We look forward to your inquiry.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32588974\" data-id=\"32588974\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2f2cea elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d2f2cea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raylytic.com\/en\/consultation-ecoa\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Arrange appointment now<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1272483 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1272483\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29a9ab4c\" data-id=\"29a9ab4c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-150e8fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"150e8fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66b4c8a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"66b4c8a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"References\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5380c101 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5380c101\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29235059\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Svedbom, Axel, et al. &#8220;Quality of life after hip, vertebral, and distal forearm fragility fractures measured using the EQ-5D-3L, EQ-VAS, and time-trade-off: results from the ICUROS.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Quality of Life Research<\/em>\u00a027.3 (2018): 707-716.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24648420\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parsons, N., et al. &#8220;Outcome assessment after hip fracture: is EQ-5D the answer?.&#8221; <em>Bone &amp; joint research<\/em>\u00a03.3 (2014): 69-75.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30700326\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tsang, Helen Hoi Lun, et al. &#8220;Psychometric validation of the EuroQoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire in patients with spondyloarthritis.&#8221; <em>Arthritis research &amp; therapy<\/em>\u00a021.1 (2019): 1-14.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21947656\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kim, Seon Ha, et al. &#8220;Comparing the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in cancer patients in Korea.&#8221; <em>Quality of Life Research<\/em> 21.6 (2012): 1065-1073.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28069062\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mangen, Marie-Jos\u00e9e J., et al. &#8220;Quality of life in community-dwelling Dutch elderly measured by EQ-5D-3L.&#8221; <em>Health and quality of life outcomes<\/em> 15.1 (2017): 1-6.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27865116\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kularatna, Sanjeewa, et al. &#8220;Comparison of contemporaneous responses for EQ-5D-3L and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure; a case for disease specific multiattribute utility instrument in cardiovascular conditions.&#8221; <em>International journal of cardiology<\/em> 227 (2017): 172-176.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19787848\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greiner, Wolfgang, et al. &#8220;Validating the EQ-5D with time trade off for the German population.&#8221; <em>The European journal of health economics<\/em>\u00a06.2 (2005): 124-130.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25555837\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Conner-Spady, Barbara L., et al. &#8220;Reliability and validity of the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-5D-3L in patients with osteoarthritis referred for hip and knee replacement.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Quality of Life Research<\/em>\u00a024.7 (2015): 1775-1784.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27262480\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yfantopoulos, John N., and Athanasios E. Chantzaras. &#8220;Validation and comparison of the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L instruments in Greece.&#8221; <em>The European Journal of Health Economics<\/em>\u00a018.4 (2017): 519-531.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9189057\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hurst, N. P., et al. &#8220;Measuring health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: validity, responsiveness and reliability of EuroQol (EQ-5D).&#8221; <em>British journal of rheumatology<\/em>\u00a036.5 (1997): 551-559.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23815777\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Obradovic, Marko, Arun Lal, and Hiltrud Liedgens. &#8220;Validity and responsiveness of EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) versus Short Form-6 dimension (SF-6D) questionnaire in chronic pain.&#8221; <em>Health and quality of life outcomes<\/em>\u00a011.1 (2013): 1-9.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6 id=\"quelle12\"><a href=\"https:\/\/euroqol.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/euroqol.org\/<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6 id=\"quelle13\"><a href=\"https:\/\/euroqol.org\/support\/documents\/eq-5d-user-license-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/euroqol.org\/support\/documents\/eq-5d-user-license-policy\/<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23184421\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Janssen, M. F., et al. &#8220;Measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-5D-3L across eight patient groups: a multi-country study.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Quality of Life Research<\/em>\u00a022.7 (2013): 1717-1727.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><li><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21947656\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kim, Seon Ha, et al. &#8220;Comparing the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in cancer patients in Korea.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Quality of Life Research<\/em>\u00a021.6 (2012): 1065-1073.<\/a><\/h6><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EQ-5D-3L Generic measure of health-related quality of life \uf4fe \ue0f5 The EQ-5D-3L is a validated generic measure instrument for patients health status which was developed in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. It consists of two components: the EQ-5D descriptive system represents a tool of 5 questions assessing mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain\/discomfort and anxiety\/depression meanwhile [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-proms"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>EQ-5D-3L | RAYLYTIC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The EQ-5D-3L is a validated generic measure instrument for patients health status which was developed in 1990 by the EuroQol Group.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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